{
  "@type": "CollectionAPI",
  "section": "glossary",
  "base_url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/",
  "generated": "2026-05-07T13:09:10.490Z",
  "count": 127,
  "items": [
    {
      "slug": "aefw",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/aefw/",
      "title": "AEFW (Acropora-eating flatworm) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "AEFW (Acropora-eating flatworm) definition + reef-tank usage. AEFW (Acropora-eating flatworms) are 3-5 mm tan flatworms (Amakusaplana acroporae) that feed on Acropora tissue. Bite marks appear as small white spot",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.937Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "alkalinity",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/alkalinity/",
      "title": "Alkalinity (Buffering capacity) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Alkalinity (Buffering capacity) definition + reef-tank usage. Alkalinity is the water's buffering capacity against pH change. In aquariums, alkalinity is dominated by carbonate + bicarbonate ions and is consumed",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.938Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "allelopathy",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/allelopathy/",
      "title": "Allelopathy - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Allelopathy is the chemical warfare between corals - releasing terpenoid compounds that suppress competitors. Common in mixed reef tanks where soft corals (especially Sarcophyton) inhibit SPS growth.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.131Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ammonia",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/ammonia/",
      "title": "Ammonia (NH3/NH4+) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Ammonia (NH3/NH4+) definition + reef-tank usage. Ammonia (NH3 / NH4+) is the primary nitrogenous waste excreted by fish gills and produced by uneaten food + decaying organics. Highly toxic at any det",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.938Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ammonia-detoxifier",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/ammonia-detoxifier/",
      "title": "Ammonia detoxifier - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Ammonia detoxifiers (Seachem Prime, ClorAm-X) bind toxic ammonia into a non-toxic form for 24-48 hours so bacteria can process it without fish gill damage. Critical for cycling fish-in tanks + emergencies.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.137Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ammonia-poisoning",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/ammonia-poisoning/",
      "title": "Ammonia Poisoning (NH3/NH4+ toxicity) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Ammonia Poisoning (NH3/NH4+ toxicity) definition + aquarium usage. Ammonia poisoning is the damage to fish gills + nervous system caused by detectable ammonia in aquarium water (above 0.2",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.491Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "amphipods",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/amphipods/",
      "title": "Amphipods - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Amphipods are small crustaceans (1-15mm) that live in refugiums and rockwork. They eat detritus + algae and serve as natural live food for mandarin dragonets, wrasses, and seahorses.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.419Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "apex",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/apex/",
      "title": "Neptune Apex (Aquarium controller) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Neptune Apex (Aquarium controller) definition + reef-tank usage. The Neptune Apex is a programmable aquarium controller that monitors + controls equipment. The reef-keeping standard.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.938Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "apex-controller",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/apex-controller/",
      "title": "Apex Controller - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "The Neptune Apex is the leading aquarium automation controller. Monitors temperature, pH, ORP, ATO, salinity, and runs equipment via outlet bars. Industry standard for serious reef tanks.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.139Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "apistogramma",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/apistogramma/",
      "title": "Apistogramma - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Apistogramma (apisto) is a genus of small (2-3 inch) South American dwarf cichlids prized for color, breeding behavior, and personality. Soft acidic water specialists.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.423Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "aquaculture",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/aquaculture/",
      "title": "Aquaculture (Captive breeding + propagation) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Aquaculture (Captive breeding + propagation) definition + reef-tank usage. Aquaculture is the captive breeding or fragmenting of aquatic species for the trade, as opposed to wild collection. Aquacultured specimens reduce wild",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.939Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "aquascape",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/aquascape/",
      "title": "Aquascape (Tank layout design) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Aquascape (Tank layout design) definition + reef-tank usage. Aquascape is the artistic layout of rockwork, substrate, and plants/coral in an aquarium.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.939Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ato",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/ato/",
      "title": "ATO (Auto Top Off) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "ATO (Auto Top Off) definition + reef-tank usage. ATO (Auto Top Off) is a system that automatically replaces evaporated water with RODI to keep salinity stable.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.940Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "bba-black-beard-algae",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/bba-black-beard-algae/",
      "title": "BBA (Black Beard Algae) (Audouinella) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "BBA (Black Beard Algae) (Audouinella) definition + aquarium usage. BBA (black beard algae) is a red algae species (despite the name) that appears as black/dark-purple bristles on rocks, p",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.498Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "biofilm",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/biofilm/",
      "title": "Biofilm - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Biofilm is a thin slime layer of bacteria + microorganisms that develops on every aquarium surface. Cycling tanks rely on biofilm; mature shrimp tanks feed on it.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.424Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "biological-filtration",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/biological-filtration/",
      "title": "Biological filtration - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Biological filtration is the bacterial process that converts toxic ammonia to nitrite to nitrate via Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira colonies on filter media, substrate, and surfaces.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.412Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "biopellets",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/biopellets/",
      "title": "Biopellets (NP biopellets) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Biopellets (NP biopellets) definition + reef-tank usage. Biopellets are a slow-release carbon source (typically PHA polymer beads) used to drive nitrate + phosphate reduction via heterotrophic bacterial grow",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.940Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "biotope-aquarium",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/biotope-aquarium/",
      "title": "Biotope aquarium - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "A biotope aquarium recreates a specific ecosystem - same species, water parameters, plants, hardscape, and substrate as a real-world location. Examples: Amazon blackwater, Lake Malawi rift, Asian peat swamp.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T13:09:10.196Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "bps-bubbles-per-second",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/bps-bubbles-per-second/",
      "title": "BPS (Bubbles Per Second (CO2)) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "BPS (Bubbles Per Second (CO2)) definition + aquarium usage. BPS (Bubbles Per Second) is the measurement of CO2 injection rate in planted tanks. Measured by counting visible bubbles",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.500Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "breeder-bali-aquarich",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/breeder-bali-aquarich/",
      "title": "Bali Aquarich (Indonesian aquaculture pioneer) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Bali Aquarich (Indonesian aquaculture pioneer) definition + reef-tank usage. Bali Aquarich is an Indonesian aquaculture facility led by Su Yong Pen, the first to captive-breed multiple challenging marine angelfish species (Rega",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.941Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "breeder-ora",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/breeder-ora/",
      "title": "ORA (Oceans, Reefs and Aquariums) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "ORA (Oceans, Reefs and Aquariums) definition + reef-tank usage. ORA (Oceans, Reefs and Aquariums) is a Florida-based aquaculture company that produces captive-bred clownfish, dottybacks, gobies, and aquacultured co",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.941Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "breeder-sustainable-aquatics",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/breeder-sustainable-aquatics/",
      "title": "Sustainable Aquatics (US captive-breeding operation) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Sustainable Aquatics (US captive-breeding operation) definition + reef-tank usage. Sustainable Aquatics is a Tennessee-based aquaculture company specializing in captive-bred clownfish, mandarins, dottybacks, and emerging species like",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.942Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "calcium",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/calcium/",
      "title": "Calcium (Ca2+) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Calcium (Ca2+) definition + reef-tank usage. Calcium (Ca2+) is the cation that combines with carbonate to form coral skeletons (CaCO3). Reef tanks consume calcium as coral grows.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.942Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "chemical-filtration",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/chemical-filtration/",
      "title": "Chemical filtration - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Chemical filtration uses adsorbent media (activated carbon, GFO, Purigen) to remove dissolved compounds via molecular bonding rather than physical capture.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.414Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "cites",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/cites/",
      "title": "CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) definition + reef-tank usage. CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) is an international treaty (184 parties) regulating cross-border trade in endangered s",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.943Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "co2-injection",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/co2-injection/",
      "title": "CO2 Injection (Pressurized planted-tank carbon source) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "CO2 Injection (Pressurized planted-tank carbon source) definition + reef-tank usage. CO2 injection is the pressurized addition of carbon dioxide to a planted aquarium to drive plant growth. The make-or-break tool for high-light planted",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.943Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "copepods",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/copepods/",
      "title": "Copepods - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Copepods are 0.5-2mm crustaceans (Tisbe biminiensis, Tigriopus, Apocyclops) that form the live-food base for mandarin dragonets, larval fish, and SPS reefs.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.420Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "coral-dip",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/coral-dip/",
      "title": "Coral Dip (Quarantine bath for new coral) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Coral Dip (Quarantine bath for new coral) definition + reef-tank usage. A coral dip is a chemical bath (Bayer, CoralRx, Revive, ReVive Coral Cleaner) applied to all incoming coral as a quarantine step to remove pests like",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.943Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "coral-dip-iodine",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/coral-dip-iodine/",
      "title": "Coral dip - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "A coral dip is a brief immersion (5-15 min) of new coral frags in disinfectant solution to kill pests like AEFW, red bugs, polyp-eating nudibranchs, and bacterial pathogens before introduction.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.143Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "coralline",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/coralline/",
      "title": "Coralline algae - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Coralline algae are calcifying red algae (Lithothamnion, Porolithon, Mesophyllum) that encrust reef rock + glass in pink, purple, red, and orange. A sign of mature stable reef chemistry.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.427Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "crystal-red-shrimp",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/crystal-red-shrimp/",
      "title": "Crystal Red Shrimp (CRS) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Crystal Red Shrimp (Caridina cantonensis) are red+white striped Caridina shrimp. Grade by pattern + color intensity (S/SS/SSS). Sensitive to water; require RO + remineralizer + acidic substrate.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T13:09:10.194Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "cuc",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/cuc/",
      "title": "CUC (Cleanup Crew) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "CUC (Cleanup Crew) definition + reef-tank usage. CUC (Cleanup Crew) refers to the assemblage of snails, hermit crabs, sand-sifters, and detritivores that consume detritus, uneaten food, and algae in",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.944Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "cupramine",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/cupramine/",
      "title": "Cupramine (Seachem ionic copper) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Cupramine (Seachem ionic copper) definition + reef-tank usage. Cupramine is Seachem's liquid ionic copper treatment for marine parasites (ich, velvet, brook).",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.944Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "cyanoacrylate",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/cyanoacrylate/",
      "title": "Cyanoacrylate (CA / superglue gel) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Cyanoacrylate (CA / superglue gel) definition + reef-tank usage. Cyanoacrylate (CA, superglue gel) is the second-most-used coral mounting adhesive after epoxy. Flash-bonds to wet surfaces in 5-10 seconds.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.944Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "cycling",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/cycling/",
      "title": "Cycling (Nitrogen cycle establishment) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Cycling (Nitrogen cycle establishment) definition + reef-tank usage. Cycling is the establishment of the nitrogen cycle in a new aquarium - growing the bacteria that convert ammonia → nitrite → nitrate.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.945Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "cycling-the-tank",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/cycling-the-tank/",
      "title": "Cycling the Tank (Establishing the nitrogen cycle) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Cycling the Tank (Establishing the nitrogen cycle) definition + aquarium usage. Cycling is the process of growing the bacterial colonies that convert ammonia → nitrite → nitrate. Required before addin",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.493Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "dechlorinator",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/dechlorinator/",
      "title": "Dechlorinator (Water conditioner) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Dechlorinator (Water conditioner) definition + aquarium usage. Dechlorinator (water conditioner) is a chemical product that neutralizes chlorine + chloramine + heavy metals in tap wat",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.497Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "denitrification",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/denitrification/",
      "title": "Denitrification - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Denitrification is the anaerobic bacterial process that converts nitrate (NO3) to nitrogen gas (N2). Occurs in deep sand beds, biopellet reactors, and dedicated nitrate reactors.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.421Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "dkh",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/dkh/",
      "title": "dKH (Degrees of Carbonate Hardness) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "dKH (Degrees of Carbonate Hardness) definition + reef-tank usage. dKH (degrees of Carbonate Hardness) measures the buffering capacity (alkalinity) of aquarium water, specifically the bicarbonate + carbonate concentra",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.945Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "doa",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/doa/",
      "title": "DOA (Dead On Arrival) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "DOA (Dead On Arrival) definition + reef-tank usage. DOA is the standard livestock-shipping term for a specimen that arrives dead or dies within a defined claim window after delivery. Most aquatic vendor",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.946Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "estimative-index",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/estimative-index/",
      "title": "Estimative Index (EI) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Estimative Index (EI) is a planted-tank dosing method where macros + micros are dosed in excess to remove deficiency as a variable. Weekly 50% water changes reset accumulation.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.132Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "feather-duster",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/feather-duster/",
      "title": "Feather duster worm - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Feather duster worms (Sabellidae) are filter-feeding tube worms with feathery radioles that retract instantly when disturbed. Reef-safe + decorative.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.428Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "feeder-fish",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/feeder-fish/",
      "title": "Feeder Fish (Live food fish (rosy reds, goldfish)) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Feeder Fish (Live food fish (rosy reds, goldfish)) definition + aquarium usage. Feeder fish are small live fish (typically rosy red minnows or goldfish) sold as food for predators (oscars, arowanas, l",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.496Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "fertilization",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/fertilization/",
      "title": "Fertilization (planted) (Aquarium plant nutrient dosing) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Fertilization (planted) (Aquarium plant nutrient dosing) definition + reef-tank usage. Fertilization in planted tanks is the dosing of macronutrients (N, P, K) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, etc.) to feed plants beyond what fish waste provi",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.946Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "fish-keepers-warehouse",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/fish-keepers-warehouse/",
      "title": "Fish keepers + LFS abbreviations - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Common aquarium hobby abbreviations: LFS (Local Fish Store), LRS (Local Reef Store), LHB (Local Hobbyist Breeder), FOWLR (Fish Only With Live Rock), MO (Mail-Order), DT (Display Tank), QT (Quarantine), FW/SW (Fresh/Saltwater).",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.142Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "frag",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/frag/",
      "title": "Frag (coral) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "A frag is a small piece (1-3 inches) of coral cut from a larger colony for sale, propagation, or sharing. Mounted on a frag plug (ceramic disc) for placement in a frag tank or display.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.142Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "frag-plug",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/frag-plug/",
      "title": "Frag Plug (Coral mounting disc) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Frag Plug (Coral mounting disc) definition + reef-tank usage. A frag plug is a small ceramic or aragonite disc (typically 1-1.5 inch diameter) used to mount coral fragments. The plug is glued or pressed into rock",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.946Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "frag-tank",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/frag-tank/",
      "title": "Frag Tank (Coral propagation tank) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Frag Tank (Coral propagation tank) definition + reef-tank usage. A frag tank is a separate shallow tank dedicated to coral propagation, typically with a single layer of egg-crate covered in frag plugs.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.947Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "gac",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/gac/",
      "title": "GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) definition + reef-tank usage. GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) is an adsorptive filtration media that removes dissolved organics, tannins, medications, and yellow water tint from aq",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.947Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "gfo",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/gfo/",
      "title": "GFO (Granular Ferric Oxide) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "GFO (Granular Ferric Oxide) definition + reef-tank usage. GFO (Granular Ferric Oxide) is a phosphate-removing media used in reef-tank reactors. It binds inorganic phosphate (PO4) directly, reducing nuisance a",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.948Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "gph-vs-lph",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/gph-vs-lph/",
      "title": "GPH vs LPH - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "GPH (gallons per hour) and LPH (liters per hour) measure pump + filter flow rate. 1 GPH = 3.785 LPH. Always read manufacturer specs - rated GPH is usually 30-40% higher than actual at typical head heights.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.139Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "gut-loading",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/gut-loading/",
      "title": "Gut-loading - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Gut-loading is feeding live food (brine shrimp, daphnia, mysis) nutritious algae or vitamin-enriched feed for 12-24 hours before feeding to fish, to boost the prey's nutritional value.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.431Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "hardscape",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/hardscape/",
      "title": "Hardscape - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Hardscape is the non-living structural component of an aquascape: rock, driftwood, slate, lava rock. Sets the visual layout before plants + fish are added.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.426Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "hob-filter",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/hob-filter/",
      "title": "HOB filter - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "HOB (Hang-on-Back) filters hang on the rim of the tank, drawing water through an intake tube and returning it through media chambers. Standard for 10-40 gallon community tanks.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.433Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "hospital-tank",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/hospital-tank/",
      "title": "Hospital Tank (Treatment-only quarantine) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Hospital Tank (Treatment-only quarantine) definition + aquarium usage. A hospital tank is a small (10-20g) bare-bottom tank used to treat sick fish. Different from a quarantine tank (which is",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.495Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "hyposalinity",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/hyposalinity/",
      "title": "Hyposalinity (Reduced-salinity treatment) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Hyposalinity (Reduced-salinity treatment) definition + reef-tank usage. Hyposalinity is the practice of dropping saltwater tank salinity from 1.025 SG to 1.009 SG over 48 hours and holding for 30+ days as a parasite treatm",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.948Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "hypoxia",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/hypoxia/",
      "title": "Hypoxia (Low dissolved oxygen) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Hypoxia (Low dissolved oxygen) definition + aquarium usage. Hypoxia in aquariums is insufficient dissolved oxygen (DO) - fish can't extract enough oxygen from water. Caused by over",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.493Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "hypsalinity-treatment",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/hypsalinity-treatment/",
      "title": "Hyposalinity treatment - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Hyposalinity is a marine ich treatment that drops salinity from 35 ppt to 12 ppt for 14-21 days. Kills marine ich osmotically while teleost fish tolerate. Reef-incompatible (kills inverts + corals).",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T13:09:10.191Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ich",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/ich/",
      "title": "Ich (Cryptocaryon irritans (saltwater) / Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (freshwater)) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Ich (Cryptocaryon irritans (saltwater) / Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (freshwater)) definition + reef-tank usage. Ich is the common name for two related parasitic protozoans that cause white spots resembling salt grains on fish. Saltwater ich is Cryptocaryon irrit",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.948Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ich-management-strategy",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/ich-management-strategy/",
      "title": "Ich management strategy - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Ich Management Strategy (IMS) is the philosophy that ich is endemic in most reef tanks and the goal is to minimize stress + boost fish immunity rather than eradicate. Controversial vs strict QT.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.134Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "icp-ms",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/icp-ms/",
      "title": "ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) definition + reef-tank usage. ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) is a lab-grade water testing method that measures 30+ elements at parts-per-billion precision. T",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.949Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "iodine",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/iodine/",
      "title": "Iodine - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Iodine is a trace element required by reef inverts (shrimp, snails, soft corals, gorgonians). Most reefs get enough from salt mix; only heavy invert tanks need supplementation.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.435Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "iwagumi",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/iwagumi/",
      "title": "Iwagumi (Japanese rock-only aquascape) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Iwagumi (Japanese rock-only aquascape) definition + reef-tank usage. Iwagumi is a Japanese aquascaping style featuring 3-7 stones in odd-numbered groupings, with a carpet plant covering the substrate. Pioneered by Takas",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.949Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "kalkwasser",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/kalkwasser/",
      "title": "Kalkwasser (Calcium hydroxide solution) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Kalkwasser (Calcium hydroxide solution) definition + reef-tank usage. Kalkwasser (German for",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.950Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "kelvin",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/kelvin/",
      "title": "Kelvin (Color temperature unit) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Kelvin (Color temperature unit) definition + reef-tank usage. Kelvin (K) measures the color temperature of a light source. Higher K = bluer; lower K = warmer/yellower.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.950Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "kelvin-spectrum",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/kelvin-spectrum/",
      "title": "Kelvin (K) lighting - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Kelvin (K) measures the color temperature of light. Aquarium lighting ranges from 6500K (sunlight, freshwater plants) to 25,000K (deep blue, reef SPS). Higher K = bluer, lower K = warmer.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.141Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "kribensis",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/kribensis/",
      "title": "Kribensis - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Kribensis (Pelvicachromis pulcher) is a peaceful 4-inch West African dwarf cichlid suitable for community tanks. Pairs form territories during breeding; community fish should stay in the upper water column.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.423Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "lacey-act",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/lacey-act/",
      "title": "Lacey Act (US wildlife trade law) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Lacey Act (US wildlife trade law) definition + reef-tank usage. The Lacey Act is the US federal law (16 USC §§ 3371-3378) prohibiting trade in wildlife taken in violation of state, federal, tribal, or foreign laws.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.950Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "leather-coral",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/leather-coral/",
      "title": "Leather coral - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Leather corals (Sarcophyton, Sinularia, Lobophytum) are soft corals with rubbery flesh. Hardy beginner corals that tolerate fluctuating water + lower light.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.430Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "live-rock",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/live-rock/",
      "title": "Live Rock (Biological filtration substrate) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Live Rock (Biological filtration substrate) definition + reef-tank usage. Live rock is calcium-carbonate rock (typically aragonite-based) populated with beneficial bacteria, microfauna, and sometimes coralline algae. Forms t",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.951Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "live-sand",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/live-sand/",
      "title": "Live Sand (Biological substrate) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Live Sand (Biological substrate) definition + reef-tank usage. Live sand is aragonite (or in freshwater, silica) sand seeded with beneficial nitrifying bacteria + microfauna (copepods, amphipods, worms). Seeds the",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.951Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "lps-vs-sps",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/lps-vs-sps/",
      "title": "LPS vs SPS coral - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "LPS (Large Polyp Stony) and SPS (Small Polyp Stony) are the two main hard-coral categories. LPS have fleshy expanded polyps, lower light + flow needs. SPS have tiny polyps, high light + flow + stable parameters.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.135Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "macroalgae",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/macroalgae/",
      "title": "Macroalgae - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Macroalgae are large multicellular marine algae (chaetomorpha, caulerpa, gracilaria, halimeda) used in refugiums to absorb nitrate + phosphate, providing natural nutrient export.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.427Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "magnesium",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/magnesium/",
      "title": "Magnesium (Mg2+) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Magnesium (Mg2+) definition + reef-tank usage. Magnesium (Mg2+) is the trace element that prevents calcium and bicarbonate from precipitating out of solution. Without sufficient Mg, dosing Ca and A",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.951Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mature-tank",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/mature-tank/",
      "title": "Mature tank - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "A mature tank is one with established biological filtration, stable parameters, and developed biofilm/microfauna - typically 6+ months of consistent operation. Required for sensitive species + advanced corals.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.144Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mechanical-filtration",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/mechanical-filtration/",
      "title": "Mechanical filtration - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Mechanical filtration removes physical debris (uneaten food, fish waste, plant matter) from the water column using sponges, floss, or filter socks.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.413Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mh-vs-led",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/mh-vs-led/",
      "title": "Metal Halide vs LED (Reef lighting comparison) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Metal Halide vs LED (Reef lighting comparison) definition + reef-tank usage. Metal Halide (MH) and LED are the two dominant reef-tank lighting technologies. MH delivers higher PAR with shimmer + better color rendition; LED offe",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.952Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "micron-filter",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/micron-filter/",
      "title": "Micron filter sock - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "A micron filter sock is a fabric tube that strains particulate from sump-fed water. Common ratings: 100 micron (rough), 200 micron (medium), 300 micron (fine biofilter).",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.437Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mounting-epoxy",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/mounting-epoxy/",
      "title": "Mounting Epoxy (Two-part underwater epoxy) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Mounting Epoxy (Two-part underwater epoxy) definition + reef-tank usage. Mounting epoxy (also called reef putty or coral epoxy) is a two-part epoxy that cures underwater for mounting coral, frag plugs, or rockwork.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.952Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mp40",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/mp40/",
      "title": "MP40 (EcoTech wavemaker) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "MP40 (EcoTech wavemaker) definition + reef-tank usage. The EcoTech MP40 is a controllable propeller-driven wavemaker mounted via magnet through the tank glass. The de-facto standard for reef tank flow.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.952Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mts-multiple-tank-syndrome",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/mts-multiple-tank-syndrome/",
      "title": "MTS (Multiple Tank Syndrome) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "MTS (Multiple Tank Syndrome) definition + aquarium usage. MTS (Multiple Tank Syndrome) is the hobbyist phenomenon of starting with one tank and ending up with many. Aquarium-keep",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.498Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mushroom-coral",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/mushroom-coral/",
      "title": "Mushroom coral - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Mushroom corals are soft, disc-shaped corals (Discosoma, Rhodactis, Ricordea, Yuma). Easiest reef coral - tolerates poor parameters + low light.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.431Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "nitrate",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/nitrate/",
      "title": "Nitrate (NO3-) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Nitrate (NO3-) definition + reef-tank usage. Nitrate (NO3-) is the final product of the nitrogen cycle. Far less toxic than ammonia or nitrite, but accumulates over time and drives algae growth.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.953Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "nitrate-poisoning",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/nitrate-poisoning/",
      "title": "Nitrate Poisoning (Chronic NO3- toxicity) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Nitrate Poisoning (Chronic NO3- toxicity) definition + aquarium usage. Nitrate poisoning is the chronic damage from sustained high nitrate (>40 ppm) levels. Less acute than ammonia but causes",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.492Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "nitrite",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/nitrite/",
      "title": "Nitrite (NO2-) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Nitrite (NO2-) definition + reef-tank usage. Nitrite (NO2-) is the second product of the nitrogen cycle, produced by Nitrosomonas bacteria converting ammonia. Moderately toxic - causes brown bloo",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.953Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "old-tank-syndrome",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/old-tank-syndrome/",
      "title": "Old tank syndrome - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Old Tank Syndrome (OTS) is a chronic decline in water quality in long-running tanks where infrequent water changes allow nitrate, phosphate, and dissolved organics to accumulate slowly to toxic levels.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.422Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "osmoregulation",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/osmoregulation/",
      "title": "Osmoregulation - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Osmoregulation is how fish maintain internal salt and water balance against their environment. Freshwater fish constantly absorb water and excrete dilute urine; marine fish lose water and drink to compensate.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.130Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "osmotic-shock",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/osmotic-shock/",
      "title": "Osmotic Shock (Water-chemistry crash from sudden parameter shift) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Osmotic Shock (Water-chemistry crash from sudden parameter shift) definition + aquarium usage. Osmotic shock occurs when fish are moved between water chemistries with significantly different TDS, pH, or salinity. Ce",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.494Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "overflow-box",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/overflow-box/",
      "title": "Overflow box - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "An overflow box is a chamber on or around the tank that maintains a constant water level by gravity-feeding overflow water through a drain to the sump.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.432Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "par",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/par/",
      "title": "PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) definition + reef-tank usage. PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) measures the amount of light in the 400-700 nm wavelength range available for photosynthesis. In reef tanks,",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.954Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "phosphate",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/phosphate/",
      "title": "Phosphate (PO4) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Phosphate (PO4) is a critical reef nutrient that fuels coral growth at low levels (0.02-0.1 ppm) but feeds nuisance algae + dinoflagellates above 0.15 ppm. Test weekly; control with GFO or carbon dosing.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.137Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "photoperiod",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/photoperiod/",
      "title": "Photoperiod (Daily lighting duration) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Photoperiod (Daily lighting duration) definition + reef-tank usage. Photoperiod is the daily duration of full-intensity lighting in an aquarium.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.955Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "phytoplankton",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/phytoplankton/",
      "title": "Phytoplankton - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Phytoplankton are single-celled algae (Nannochloropsis, Tetraselmis, Isochrysis) used as live food for filter feeders, copepods, and larval fish.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.420Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "plakat",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/plakat/",
      "title": "Plakat - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Plakat is the short-finned, traditional form of Betta splendens - more athletic, longer-lived, and the original "fighter" body type before fancy long-finned varieties were bred.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.424Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "powerhead",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/powerhead/",
      "title": "Powerhead (In-tank flow pump) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Powerhead (In-tank flow pump) definition + reef-tank usage. A powerhead is an in-tank pump that creates flow patterns. Reef tanks need 30-50x display turnover combined between return + powerheads.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.955Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "prazipro",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/prazipro/",
      "title": "PraziPro (Praziquantel treatment) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "PraziPro (Praziquantel treatment) definition + reef-tank usage. PraziPro is a praziquantel-based medication for treating internal + external flukes and tapeworms in aquarium fish.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.955Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "protein-skimmer",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/protein-skimmer/",
      "title": "Protein Skimmer (Foam fractionator) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Protein Skimmer (Foam fractionator) definition + reef-tank usage. A protein skimmer (foam fractionator) injects fine air bubbles into a contact chamber where dissolved organic compounds (DOCs) attach to bubble surfac",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.956Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "quarantine",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/quarantine/",
      "title": "Quarantine (QT - isolation tank) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Quarantine (QT - isolation tank) definition + reef-tank usage. Quarantine (QT) is the practice of holding new fish in a separate isolated tank for 14-30 days before adding them to the display, to prevent disease i",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.956Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "r2r-reef2reef",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/r2r-reef2reef/",
      "title": "Reef2Reef - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Reef2Reef (R2R) is the largest English-language reef-keeping forum + community. Hosts saltwater + coral + reef-tank build threads, vendor reviews, and disease-troubleshooting expertise.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.135Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "redox-orp",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/redox-orp/",
      "title": "Redox / ORP - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "ORP (Oxidation-Reduction Potential, measured in millivolts) gauges water's overall oxidizing capacity. Healthy reef water sits at 300-400 mV; freshwater 200-300 mV.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.412Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "reef-safe",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/reef-safe/",
      "title": "Reef-safe - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": ""Reef-safe" describes fish, inverts, and equipment that don't harm coral, anemones, or beneficial inverts in a reef tank. Most large angels, butterflies, and copper-based meds are NOT reef-safe.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.138Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "refractometer",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/refractometer/",
      "title": "Refractometer (Salinity measurement instrument) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Refractometer (Salinity measurement instrument) definition + reef-tank usage. A refractometer measures the refractive index of saltwater to determine salinity. The reef-keeping standard tool for checking SG.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.956Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "refugium",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/refugium/",
      "title": "Refugium (Sump-attached macroalgae chamber) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Refugium (Sump-attached macroalgae chamber) definition + reef-tank usage. A refugium is a separate aquarium chamber, typically in the sump, that grows macroalgae (chaetomorpha, caulerpa, gracilaria) under reverse-cycle light",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.957Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "return-pump",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/return-pump/",
      "title": "Return Pump (Sump-to-display pump) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Return Pump (Sump-to-display pump) definition + reef-tank usage. A return pump pushes water from the sump back up to the display tank. The heart of any sumped system.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.957Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "rock-flower-anemone",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/rock-flower-anemone/",
      "title": "Rock flower anemone - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Rock flower anemones (Phymanthus crucifer) are reef-safe, non-stinging Caribbean anemones in vivid colors. Stay put unlike bubble-tip anemones; pair with clownfish only sometimes.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.429Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "rodi",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/rodi/",
      "title": "RODI (Reverse Osmosis + Deionization) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "RODI (Reverse Osmosis + Deionization) definition + reef-tank usage. RODI (Reverse Osmosis + Deionization) is a multi-stage water filtration process that produces ultra-pure water (0 TDS) for reef + planted aquarium use",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.958Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "rolly-pollies",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/rolly-pollies/",
      "title": "Rolly pollies - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Rolly pollies are polyp balls that detach from a parent zoanthid colony or mushroom coral and roll across the substrate. They re-attach within days and grow into new colonies.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.133Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "rtn",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/rtn/",
      "title": "RTN (Rapid Tissue Necrosis) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "RTN (Rapid Tissue Necrosis) definition + reef-tank usage. RTN (Rapid Tissue Necrosis) is a coral disease where tissue sloughs off the skeleton over hours to days, typically affecting SPS coral. Often triggere",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.958Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "salinity",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/salinity/",
      "title": "Salinity (Total dissolved salt) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Salinity (Total dissolved salt) definition + reef-tank usage. Salinity is the concentration of dissolved salts in water, expressed as parts per thousand (ppt) or specific gravity (SG).",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.958Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "siphon-sandbed",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/siphon-sandbed/",
      "title": "Siphon (gravel vacuum) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "A siphon (or gravel vacuum) is a tube + wide head used to remove water + waste from substrate during water changes. Common brands: Python, Aqueon Aquarium Siphon, Eheim quick vac.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T13:09:10.193Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "sodium-thiosulfate",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/sodium-thiosulfate/",
      "title": "Sodium thiosulfate - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) is the active dechlorinator in most water conditioners. Neutralizes chlorine + chloramine within 30 seconds.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.425Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "specific-gravity",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/specific-gravity/",
      "title": "Specific Gravity (SG) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Specific Gravity (SG) definition + reef-tank usage. Specific Gravity (SG) is the density of saltwater relative to pure water at a fixed temperature. Aquarists use SG as a proxy for salinity in reef + sa",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.959Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "sponge-filter",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/sponge-filter/",
      "title": "Sponge filter - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Sponge filters are air-driven biological filters with a porous sponge over an air-lift tube. Gentle flow makes them ideal for shrimp, fry, hospital tanks, and breeders.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.434Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "sps-coloration",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/sps-coloration/",
      "title": "SPS coloration - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "SPS coral coloration is driven by zooxanthellae density (browns), pigment proteins (greens, blues, purples, reds), and lighting spectrum. Stable nutrients + high blue PAR drive bright colors.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.140Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "stn",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/stn/",
      "title": "STN (Slow Tissue Necrosis) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "STN (Slow Tissue Necrosis) definition + reef-tank usage. STN (Slow Tissue Necrosis) is the chronic form of coral tissue loss, taking days to weeks to advance. Often triggered by chronic low light, low alk, o",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.959Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "sump",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/sump/",
      "title": "Sump (External plumbing chamber) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Sump (External plumbing chamber) definition + reef-tank usage. A sump is a secondary aquarium plumbed below the main display, typically holding the protein skimmer, return pump, refugium, heater, and supplemental",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.959Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "tank-transfer-method",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/tank-transfer-method/",
      "title": "Tank Transfer Method (TTM) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Tank Transfer Method (TTM) is a marine ich treatment using 4 transfers between sterile tanks every 72 hours. Breaks Cryptocaryon life cycle without medication. 12-day total protocol.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T13:09:10.192Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "tds",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/tds/",
      "title": "TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) definition + reef-tank usage. TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) is the sum of all dissolved minerals + ions in water, measured in ppm via electrical conductivity.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.960Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "tdsmeter",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/tdsmeter/",
      "title": "TDS meter - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "A TDS meter measures Total Dissolved Solids in ppm. RO/DI water should read 0-2 ppm; tap water often 100-500 ppm. Used to gauge RO/DI membrane health + remineralization.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T06:03:40.136Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ttm",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/ttm/",
      "title": "TTM (Tank Transfer Method) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "TTM (Tank Transfer Method) definition + reef-tank usage. TTM (Tank Transfer Method) is a quarantine technique for treating ich + velvet without medication. Move infected fish to a clean tank every 72 hours,",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.960Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "velvet",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/velvet/",
      "title": "Velvet (Amyloodinium ocellatum (saltwater)) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Velvet (Amyloodinium ocellatum (saltwater)) definition + reef-tank usage. Velvet (also called Marine Oodinium or saltwater dust) is caused by the dinoflagellate parasite Amyloodinium ocellatum. Far more aggressive than ich -",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.960Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "vodka-dosing",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/vodka-dosing/",
      "title": "Vodka Dosing (Carbon-source nutrient export) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Vodka Dosing (Carbon-source nutrient export) definition + reef-tank usage. Vodka dosing is a method of feeding sugar-alcohol (ethanol) to bacteria that consume nitrate + phosphate during reproduction. Excess bacteria get skim",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.961Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "wave-maker",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/wave-maker/",
      "title": "Wave maker - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "A wave maker (or wavemaker) creates oscillating flow patterns in the tank by alternating powerhead intensity. Creates random gyre + chaotic flow that mimics natural reef hydrodynamics.",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T04:48:00.435Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "wavemaker",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/wavemaker/",
      "title": "Wavemaker (Programmable powerhead) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Wavemaker (Programmable powerhead) definition + aquarium usage. A wavemaker is a programmable propeller-driven powerhead that creates surge + pulse + random flow patterns. Mimics natur",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.495Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "wcmw-white-cloud-mountain-minnow",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/wcmw-white-cloud-mountain-minnow/",
      "title": "WCMW (White Cloud Mountain Minnow (Tanichthys albonubes)) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "WCMW (White Cloud Mountain Minnow (Tanichthys albonubes)) definition + aquarium usage. WCMW (White Cloud Mountain Minnow) is a hardy coldwater schooling fish from China. Tolerates 60-78°F unheated tanks. Beg",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.499Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "wet-dry-filter",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/wet-dry-filter/",
      "title": "Wet/Dry Filter (Trickle filter) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "Wet/Dry Filter (Trickle filter) definition + aquarium usage. Wet/dry filter (trickle filter) drips water over plastic bio-media exposed to air. Maximizes oxygen + bacterial coloniza",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T03:21:37.497Z"
    },
    {
      "slug": "wysiwyg",
      "url": "https://fastaquatics.com/glossary/wysiwyg/",
      "title": "WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) - Aquarium glossary",
      "description": "WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) definition + reef-tank usage. WYSIWYG is a vendor practice of photographing the exact specimen being sold and listing that photo on the product page. The buyer receives the SAME sp",
      "last_modified": "2026-05-07T02:29:43.961Z"
    }
  ],
  "license": "CC-BY 4.0",
  "attribution": "Fast Aquatics (https://fastaquatics.com)"
}