How long do clownfish live?

Short answer

Captive clownfish typically live 6-10 years in a well-maintained tank, with documented cases of 20+ years for tank-raised Ocellaris and Percula. Wild clownfish live longer in some studies (up to 30 years estimated for sheltered specimens). Lifespan correlates strongly with stable parameters, no copper exposure, low aggression from tank mates, and a quality diet.

In depth

Clownfish are among the longest-lived saltwater aquarium fish, which is part of why they are so popular. A pair started in their first year together can outlast multiple tank rebuilds.

What kills clownfish before their time

Brooklynella: a protozoan infection specific to clownfish that kills within days. Quarantine all new clowns for 4-6 weeks.
Copper exposure during medication: clownfish are more copper-sensitive than many marine fish. Treat at 0.40 ppm not 0.50 ppm and watch closely.
Tank crashes: salinity swings, heater failures, ammonia spikes from overstocking - the standard reef-keeping failure modes.
Aggression from larger or more aggressive tank mates: damselfish, large angels, triggerfish, or aggressive wrasses can stress clownfish into early decline.
Jumping: clownfish jump when stressed or startled. A tank without a lid loses fish to the floor more often than to disease.

Lifespan by species

Ocellaris and Percula clownfish are the longest-lived in captivity, regularly hitting 12-15 years. Maroon clownfish (Premnas) live 8-12 years on average. Pink Skunk and Saddleback clowns are slightly shorter-lived at 6-10 years. Captive-bred clownfish from established hatcheries (ORA, Sustainable Aquatics, Proaquatix) generally live longer than wild-caught specimens.