bacterial · freshwater tank

Columnaris (Flexibacter columnaris)

Columnaris is a freshwater bacterial infection (Flavobacterium columnare) that produces white or grey patches on the body. Aggressive and fast-spreading; often confused with fungus.

Reviewed by the Fast Aquatics husbandry team · Updated May 2026
Severity: High - aggressive variant kills within 48 hours

Symptoms to look for

What causes it

Stress, poor water quality, temperature swings, or introduction of infected fish. Often appears after a tank crash or ammonia spike.

Treatment options

Multiple effective treatments exist. Pick based on your tank type, livestock sensitivity, and severity. Always treat in a separate quarantine/hospital tank - most medications are toxic to coral, invertebrates, and live rock biology.

Kanaplex. Most effective treatment: full course in hospital tank, 7-10 days. Combine with daily 25% water changes.
Furan-2. Alternative for milder cases. Effective but slower than Kanaplex.

Prevention

Avoid stress (overcrowding, sudden parameter changes). Quarantine new fish.

Frequently asked questions

What does Columnaris (Flexibacter columnaris) look like?

White or grey cottony patches on body. Saddle-shaped lesions on the back. Mouth fungus appearance.

What causes Columnaris (Flexibacter columnaris)?

Stress, poor water quality, temperature swings, or introduction of infected fish. Often appears after a tank crash or ammonia spike.

How is Columnaris (Flexibacter columnaris) treated?

Kanaplex: Most effective treatment: full course in hospital tank, 7-10 days. Combine with daily 25% water changes.

Can Columnaris (Flexibacter columnaris) be prevented?

Avoid stress (overcrowding, sudden parameter changes). Quarantine new fish.

How fatal is Columnaris (Flexibacter columnaris)?

High - aggressive variant kills within 48 hours

Should I treat in the display tank or quarantine?

Always treat in a separate quarantine or hospital tank. Most medications are toxic to coral, invertebrates, and live rock biology.

Related

Browse the full disease database for 45 aquarium conditions with treatment protocols, or check the care library for prevention-focused husbandry guides. Use our symptom matcher to rank likely diseases from observed signs, the water parameter checker to diagnose related water-quality issues, or the QT timeline calculator to plan a treatment schedule.